What chemical reaction occurs during a hair relaxer treatment?

During a hair relaxer treatment, the primary chemical reaction involves the breaking of disulfide bonds in the hair. Hair is primarily made up of a protein called keratin, which contains numerous disulfide bonds that contribute to the hair's structure and strength.

Chemical relaxers contain active ingredients, such as sodium hydroxide or ammonium thioglycolate, which penetrate the hair shaft and alter the disulfide bonds. By reducing these bonds, the natural curl or wave pattern in the hair can be straightened. This process is essential for achieving a smooth and sleek appearance in relaxed hairstyles.

Understanding the significance of disulfide bonds helps to appreciate the effects of relaxers on hair fiber, as they are crucial for maintaining its integrity and texture. When these bonds are broken, the hair can be reshaped, leading to various styling options.